Effects of Telenursing on Self-Care and Healthcare Outcomes in Patients with Heart Failure: A Systematic Review

Background/Objectives: Heart failure (HF) remains a major public health challenge, requiring continuous management and high patient adherence to prevent exacerbations. Telenursing offers a scalable, tailored solution for remote monitoring and education; however, evidence regarding optimal individualized intervention models remains heterogeneous, necessitating a systematic synthesis within the framework of precision care. This study aims to identify the effects of telenursing on self-care capacity and health outcomes in patients with heart failure. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following JBI methodology and PRISMA guidelines. Six databases (MEDLINE, Cochrane, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar) were searched for studies (2020–2025). Quality was assessed using JBI Critical Appraisal Tools (threshold > 60%). Results: Fifteen studies were included from the 748 identified. Three core personalized modalities were categorized: tailored self-care digital programs, mobile applications, and integrated telemonitoring systems. Interventions featuring individualized, risk-stratified, and frequent contact demonstrated a significant positive impact on self-care behaviors, NYHA classification, and hospitalization rates. Key components included personalized vital sign alerts, structured virtual interviews, and digital coaching. Nurse-led oversight directly supported clinical responsiveness and medication adherence, though therapeutic efficacy varied according to baseline patient digital literacy and cognitive function. Conclusions: Technology-enabled personalized nursing interventions are highly effective in enhancing self-care skills, health literacy, and clinical stability. Future research should prioritize large-scale trials with prolonged follow-up and cost-effectiveness analyses to support multidisciplinary integration.