DOI: 10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_1313_23 ISSN: 1812-156X
Effects of Leishmania tropica Infections on Interleukin Profile in Culture Cell Lines
Rasha Riyadh Jawad, Maher Ali Al-Quraishi Abstract
Background:
Host immunity to numerous
Leishmania
species is essential for disease progression and regression.
Objectives:
Interleukin (IL)-10, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and IL-1β levels were quantified
in vitro
in both the control group and those infected with cutaneous
Leishmania
. Identification of the main cytokines that affect skin lesion development or regulation.
Materials and Methods:
Leishmania tropica
sequencing data were used to build a thorough tree to identify the genotypic patterns and evolutionary distribution of changes. After introducing the parasite into primary macrophages derived from monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) and the U937 subunit line, TNF-α, IL-10, IL-1β, and TGF-β1 levels were measured.
Results:
Live-cell imaging and electron microscopy indicated that
L. tropica
promastigotes infiltrated U937 macrophages faster than did the main MDMs. At the outset of infection, IL-10 and TGF-β1 levels significantly increased, but TNF-α levels decreased significantly. After 48 and 72 h, TNF-α levels increased. These findings explain how these pathways affect the immune response and infection. Understanding the interaction of cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-10, IL-1β, and TGF-β1 during
Leishmania
infection can provide possible therapeutic targets. IL-10 controls pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines to modulate inflammation, the immune system, and tissue damage. Different elements affect the immune response during different phases of infection, and the complex dynamics of these cytokines vary.
Conclusion:
We identified
L. tropica
ribosomal variation. This alteration has altered the evolutionary position of
L. tropica
relative to other genomes. The entry of
L. tropica
into phagocytic cells causes cell death and leishmaniasis. Pentostam concentrates on the parasites. Immune cell responses entail elevated cytokines (TNF-α and TGF-β-1). The combination of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines determines the outcome of leishmaniasis. The relationship between IL-10, TNF-α, and TGF-β1 may worsen the progression and severity of illness.