DOI: 10.62425/rses.1844583 ISSN: 2822-3527

Effects of an Ad Hoc Training Protocol on Musculoskeletal Dysfunctions in Young

Arben Kaçurri, Rosario Ceruso, Juna Pogoni, Vera Simões, Susana Franco, Sara Aliberti, Gaetano Raiola
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Volleyball involves fast, dynamic actions requiring precision and coordination. Repetitive asymmetrical movements increase the risk of spinal issues due to mechanical stress and micro-trauma. Despite this, the effectiveness of specific training protocols to mitigate these problems remains underexplored. This study examines whether a targeted exercise programme can improve posture and reduce musculoskeletal dysfunction risk. To evaluate the effect of an ad hoc training protocol, measuring its effectiveness in reducing the risk of musculoskeletal dysfunction in young volleyball players. Forty-eight athletes (14-16 years) from four teams were divided into an Experimental Group (EG) and a Control Group (CG). The EG followed a six-month protocol integrating balance and corrective exercises in warm-up and post-training sessions, while the CG maintained standard training. Postural changes in kyphosis, lordosis, and scoliosis were measured pre- and post-intervention using the Zebris Medical GmbH system. Statistical analysis included Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Mann–Whitney U test. Significant differences emerged between EG and CG, confirming the protocol's effectiveness in improving kyphosis (P = .002), lordosis (P = .033), and scoliosis (P < .001 left, P = .012 right). These findings indicate a significant reduction in spinal postural alterations in EG. A training protocol focusing on balance and postural correction positively impacted spinal alignment in young volleyball players. The significant improvements in EG highlight the importance of integrating targeted exercises into training programmes to reduce postural imbalances and musculoskeletal dysfunction risks.

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