Effects of a Multicomponent Exercise Program on Physical Functions and Quality of Life in Pre-Frail and Frail Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol

Purpose: The aim of this study is to assess the effect of a multicomponent exercise program versus usual care on physical performance and quality of life in pre-frail and frail community-dwelling women. Methods: A 24-week randomized controlled trial will be conducted on women aged ≥50 years who have pre-frailty or frailty according to the FRAIL scale and are able to walk 10 m without assistance. Recruited participants will be randomized into two groups: the intervention group will receive 24 weeks of multicomponent exercise (12 weeks supervised center-based, then 12 weeks home-based), and the control group will receive their usual care. Physical functions will be measured using Short Physical Performance Battery, Mini Balance Evaluation Systems Test, Activities-Specific Balance Confidence, Falls Efficacy Scale International, Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity, Tilburg frailty instrument, and Barthel Index. Health-related quality of life will be assessed using the Arabic version of SF-12. All outcomes will be measured at baseline and after 12 weeks and 24 weeks of intervention. Discussion: Results from this research will show whether 24 weeks of multicomponent exercise will improve physical performance and quality of life among pre-frail and frail women. The findings will guide healthcare providers to effectively monitor and manage frailty in this population.