Effect of Structured Training on
ICU
Nurses' Knowledge‐Based Competence in Ventilator‐Associated Pneumonia Prevention in a Resource‐Limited Setting: An Explanatory Sequential Mixed‐Methods Study
Yakubu H. Yakubu, Muniru Mohammed Saani ABSTRACT
Aim
To evaluate the effect of a structured training intervention on ICU nurses' knowledge‐based competence in VAP prevention in a resource‐limited setting and identify personal, environmental and organisational barriers to implementation.
Design
An explanatory sequential mixed‐methods design was employed, integrating a single‐group quasi‐experimental pre‐test–post‐test quantitative strand with a qualitative interview strand. Because participant responses were not linked across assessment points, findings represent group‐level improvements rather than within‐individual change.
Methods
ICU nurses completed pre‐test ( n = 57) and post‐test ( n = 56) assessments using an adapted eight‐item VAP prevention knowledge questionnaire. A structured 3‐h workshop on VAP prevention bundles, infection control and airway management was delivered between tests; the post‐test occurred within 2 weeks. Group differences were analysed using an independent‐samples t ‐test and chi‐square tests. Qualitative interview data ( n = 8) were analysed thematically to explain and contextualise the quantitative findings.
Results
Mean knowledge scores increased from 3.63 (SD 1.57) to 5.29 (SD 1.57) out of 8 (t(111) = −5.61, p < 0.001; d = 1.06). Because participant responses were not linked across assessment points, findings represent group‐level improvements rather than within‐individual change. The proportion classified as high knowledge‐based competence increased from 24.6% to 64.3% ( χ 2 (2) = 22.43, p < 0.001). Experience variables did not predict post‐test scores. Qualitative findings showed that shortages of supplies/equipment, unreliable power, absent protocols, limited supervision and high workload restricted consistent implementation. These findings highlight that improvements in knowledge may not translate into consistent bedside practice without system‐level support in resource‐limited ICUs.
Conclusions
A brief, context‐specific training workshop significantly improved ICU nurses' knowledge‐based competence in VAP prevention. However, systemic barriers—equipment shortages, absent protocols, limited supervision and workload pressures—constrain the translation of knowledge gains into consistent bedside practice. Sustainable improvement requires embedding education within broader quality improvement efforts.
No Patient or Public Contribution
No patient or public contribution.