Effect of Embossing Pattern Geometry on the Tensile Strength of Three-Layer Films Containing Recycled Polyethylene

This paper presents the results of experimental tests on the static tensile strength and relative elongation of three-layer films containing varying proportions of recycled polyethylene and subjected to an embossing process. Films containing varying proportions of recycled low-density and high-density polyethylene were produced by blown film extrusion. The embossing process was carried out under varying processing conditions, and embossing patterns with different geometrical characteristics were produced on the three-layer films under investigation. The films were manufactured and the experimental tests were conducted under industrial conditions. Based on the results obtained, the effects of three different embossing pattern geometries and the embossing process parameters on the tensile strength of three-layer films made from recycled polyethylene were evaluated in the machine and transverse directions. The experimental results enabled the identification of embossing pattern geometries and recycled polyethylene contents that increased static tensile strength in selected material–process combinations. No statistically significant improvement in elongation at break was confirmed compared with the non-embossed reference films. The findings are limited to static tensile strength and elongation at break in the machine direction (MD) and cross direction (CD), which contribute to improving certain functional properties of refuse bags, specifically ensuring adequate load-bearing capacity for the waste they contain.