Ecological variety testing of soybean in the Kursk region

The research was carried out in the field experience of the A.Ya. Aydiev Laboratory of Breeding and Seed Production at the Kursk Federal Agrarian Research Center (Kursk Region, Kursky District, Cheremushki Village) in 2021-2025. Four soybean varieties (Barguzin, Vita, Lira, and Puma) were studied by the Federal Scientific Center for the All-Russian Research Institute of Oilseeds named after V.S. Pustovoit, and were compared with the Osmon variety developed by the Federal Scientific Center for Legumes and Cereals. The purpose of the research was to conduct an ecological variety test of soybeans in the Kursk region. In the conducted research, the best weather conditions were observed in 2023. In 2025, the conditions were satisfactory (Ij =0.009). Unfavorable conditions for soybean cultivation were observed in 2021, 2022, and 2024 (Ij =-0.086; -0.080; -0.109, respectively). Similarly, the average crop yield over the years of research was also affected. On average, the Osmon variety had the highest yield (2.71 t/ha) over all years of observation. Considering the adaptability of soybean varieties, it can be noted that the maximum yield was achieved by the Puma (4.21 t/ha) and Barguzin (4.03 t/ha) varieties, while the minimum yield was observed in the Puma (1.83 t/ha), Barguzin (1.83 t/ha), and Vita (1.86 t/ha) varieties. The varieties Vita (SU -1.54 t/ha) and Osmon (SU -1.59 t/ha) have high stress-resistant abilities in the conditions of the Kursk region, while the variety Puma (SU -2.38 t/ha) has the highest dependence. The varieties Osmon (3.04 t/ha) and Puma (3.02 t/ha) had a high level of genetic flexibility. Over the course of 5 years of research, it was found that the Osmon and Puma varieties produce the best quality soybean grain in the Kursk region. The Barguzin and Puma varieties were equivalent to the Osmon variety in terms of protein yield.