Early risk assessment of internal erosion by ground temperature measurements

Early recognition of leakage flows within embankment dams, which may lead to internal erosion or deterioration, is a challenge to dam safety, particularly where the flow of water and its impacts do not appear on the surface. Recent research suggests that there is a critical seepage velocity at which soil particles will begin to move. Ground temperature measurements within a dam and its foundations can locate any leakage flow and provide a realistic estimate of the seepage velocities. Continuous monitoring of the temperatures can quickly identify any significant increases in the velocity, and provide early warning of potential disaster, thus allowing sufficient time for remedial action to be taken.