Dupilumab treatment restores skin nerve fibre density in patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: results from DIFFERENSTAD, an open-label exploratory study

Better understanding of the dysregulation of neuroimmune mechanistic pathways in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) and chronic itch is needed. The aim of this study is to assess the changes in neuronal architecture after dupilumab treatment in patients with AD and chronic itch: the primary endpoint was change from baseline in intraepidermal nerve fibre density (IENFD). We observed that dupilumab treatment significantly increased IENFD in the lesional skin of patients with AD, with IENFD at end of treatment being comparable to healthy controls, and improved clinical signs and itch.