Dual-Band GPS Antenna for Agriculture Robot Positioning Application

This paper presents a novel dual-band global positioning system (GPS) antenna specifically designed for agricultural robotics applications. The antenna features a compact design, integrating an F-shaped feed, an annular ground plane, and a reflector cavity. Measuring only 0.327λ₀ × 0.327λ₀ × 0.129λ₀, the antenna demonstrates excellent performance across both GPS bands. It achieves a measured -10 dB reflection coefficient bandwidth of 3.81% at 1.575 GHz and 4.89% at 1.227 GHz. Furthermore, the antenna exhibits a commendable efficiency of up to 74%, with realized gains of 2.889 dBi and 3.633 dBi at the respective frequencies. A key advantage of this antenna is its stable performance when integrated with metallic agricultural robots. Its efficacy in GPS positioning systems is validated by achieving a competitive accuracy of 0.010 meters, comparable to commercial U-blox antennas.