DOI: 10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_1331_23 ISSN: 1812-156X

Distinguish between Viral and Bacterial Infection by Measuring Some Parameters in Women with Acute Bronchitis

Huda A. Abdulsada, Ekhlass M. Taha
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Abstract

Background:

Acute bronchitis is distinguished by inflammation of the trachea and major airways, as well as a lack of chronic lung and breathing problems. Acute bronchitis occurs when the airways become inflamed, and it can be caused by a viral or bacterial infection. Bacterial and viral infections share symptoms, such as weakness, fever, muscular pain, and others.

Objectives:

The objective of this study is to employ serum protein electrophoresis in conjunction with other pertinent markers to distinguish between viral and bacterial infections in individuals with acute bronchitis.

Materials and Methods:

Blood samples were collected from 120 volunteers aged 20–50 years old in Al-Zahra Teaching Hospital, Waist City. The volunteers included patients with acute bacterial bronchitis (ABB; n = 30), patients with acute viral bronchitis (AVB; n = 50), and healthy volunteers ( n = 40). Complete blood count was measured using SYSMEX XP-300. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit was used to measure nitric oxide (NO) and procalcitonin (PCT) levels. The total oxidant status and total antioxidant status were determined using a spectrophotometer to measure absorbance, and employing gel electrophoresis to analyze the protein profile.

Results:

The current research presents the results of the electrophoretic pattern, PCT, NO, oxidative stress index (OSI), and neutrophil (NEUT)-to-lymphocyte (LY) ratio. The electrophoretic pattern has not shown any significant difference between the studied groups, whereas the NO levels shown in ABB and AVB had significantly higher levels than the control group, the NO level in AVB was lower than in ABB. PCT levels in ABB were significantly higher than in AVB and the control group, as well. Significant differences between the AVB and control groups in PCT levels were observed. The OSI showed significant differences between the three groups. NEUT levels and the NEUT-to-LY ratio showed significantly higher levels in ABB compared to AVB and the control group. LY levels in ABB were lower than in AVB and the control group.

Conclusion:

The study revealed findings from various markers, including electrophoretic pattern, PCT, NO, OSI, and NEUT-to-LY ratio. All of these indicators exhibited notable distinctions in their ability to differentiate between viral and bacterial infections, except for the electrophoretic pattern.

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