Disaggregating Cash Flows: The Effect of Linking and Labeling on Investors’ Understanding of the Statement of Cash Flows

ABSTRACT

Operating cash flows are a critical input to valuation activities. Research and practice indicate that the most common method of presenting operating cash flows, the indirect method, is viewed as overly complex. We experimentally examine whether two theoretically motivated factors represent shortcomings of the indirect method: (1) inadequate linking of related components of net income and changes in working capital accounts, and (2) inconsistent income statement labeling between components of net income and their corresponding working capital changes. Drawing on causal reasoning theory, we predict and find that these factors hinder the decision usefulness of the operating section of the statement of cash flows. The results of our study are informative to the academic literature and standard setters, as we examine underlying reasons why the indirect method may be viewed unfavorably.