Digital Transformation and Supply Chain Resilience: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Capabilities, Boundary Conditions, and Performance Outcomes

Supply chains increasingly face complex disruptions and rapid technological change, making the relationship between digital transformation (DT) and supply chain resilience (SCR) an important issue in supply chain management. Yet existing evidence remains fragmented across forms of DT, dimensions of SCR, contextual conditions, and performance outcomes. This study conducts a systematic review and meta-analysis of 200 studies, including 124 examining the DT-SCR relationship and 104 examining the SCR–performance relationship. The results show that DT is positively associated with SCR, with stronger associations for digital capabilities than digital technologies and for reactive than proactive SCR. The DT-SCR association is also stronger among SMEs and mature firms, in manufacturing sectors and developing countries, and in contexts characterized by high power distance, low individualism, and stronger long-term orientation, while uncertainty avoidance shows no significant moderating effect. SCR is positively associated with firm performance, with stronger associations for operational and market performance than financial performance. By integrating evidence on the antecedents, boundary conditions, and performance consequences of SCR, this study provides a more differentiated and context-sensitive understanding of the role of DT in supply chain resilience.