Differential assessment of diagnostic signs of primary open-angle glaucoma and high myopia

The prevalence of high myopia and primary open-angle glaucoma is rapidly increasing, complicating differential diagnosis because of overlapping morphological changes in the optic nerve head and lamina cribrosa. Both pathologies are accompanied by changes in the optic nerve head and lamina cribrosa, which makes interpretation of optical coherence tomography findings challenging. Analysis of literature sources shows that the most significant criteria include lamina cribrosa parameters (thickness, curvature, deformation index), features of peripapillary atrophy, the pattern of retinal nerve fiber layer thinning, and biomechanical parameters, including corneal hysteresis. Comparison of these signs helps differentiate myopic and glaucomatous changes and improves the accuracy of differential diagnosis between high myopia and primary open-angle glaucoma.