Diagnostic Tools for Endometriosis in Poland: A Comparative Assessment of Reliability and Out-of-Pocket Costs

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the availability, diagnostic reliability, and out-of-pocket costs of endometriosis diagnostic tools available on the private healthcare market in Poland. Methods: A desk-based analysis was conducted from a patient perspective to identify commercially available diagnostic tests for endometriosis in Poland. Data were collected in September 2024 using relevant keywords to simulate a patient search process. Identified tests were evaluated for their compliance with the 2022 European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) guidelines. Key parameters, including sensitivity, specificity, and associated costs, were assessed based on the available literature. Out-of-pocket costs were compared between the private and public healthcare sectors. Results: Five diagnostic methods were identified in the private healthcare market: two imaging techniques (transvaginal ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging) and three blood-based tests. None of the blood-based tests demonstrated sensitivity or specificity above 90%. Imaging techniques met this criterion. The cost of blood tests ranged from EUR 21.1 to EUR 467.77. The average private-sector cost for transvaginal ultrasound was EUR 111.64, representing a 482.6% increase compared to the public sector. Magnetic resonance imaging cost EUR 122.89 in the private sector, a 148.64% increase. Conclusions: The private Polish healthcare market lacks non-invasive diagnostic tests for endometriosis that achieve high reliability based on large study samples. Imaging tests, while reliable, pose significant financial barriers when accessed privately. Enhanced public access and clearer patient guidance are required to ensure timely and effective diagnosis.