DEVELOPMENT OF A SMART SOLAR PANEL BASED ON EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

This paper addresses the growing need for sustainable energy solutions by analyzing global solar energy trends and the barriers limiting renewable energy deployment in Uzbekistan, despite national goals such as the Strategy for Transition to a Green Economy. The research presents the design and implementation of a smart dual-axis solar tracking system based on the Arduino Uno microcontroller, integrating four LDR sensors and two servo motors to automatically align a photovoltaic panel with maximum solar radiation. A control algorithm continuously compares light intensity values, adjusts horizontal and vertical angles, and ensures safe mechanical operation. The developed prototype demonstrates improved light absorption efficiency through real-time tracking and optimized positioning. Experimental tests confirmed the reliable operation of the tracking mechanism under varying illumination conditions and validated the effectiveness of the embedded control algorithm. Furthermore, the proposed low-cost architecture offers a practical solution for residential, educational, and small-scale renewable energy applications where affordable energy optimization technologies are required. By combining theoretical analysis with practical engineering implementation, the study contributes to increasing solar energy efficiency, reducing energy losses, and supporting sustainable development and energy security.