Development and Characterization of a Structurally Supportive of Hybrid PLGA Decellularized ECM Biomembrane for Ocular Progenitor Cell Anchorage and Epithelial Repair

ABSTRACT

Degenerative ocular diseases are among the leading causes of visual impairment worldwide and require innovative therapeutic approaches capable of promoting tissue regeneration. In this context, biomaterial‐based cell therapies have emerged as promising alternatives, although challenges remain regarding the maintenance of a supportive microenvironment after transplantation. This study developed and characterized a hybrid biomembrane composed of poly(lactic ‐co‐ glycolic acid) (PLGA) and decellularized corneal extracellular matrix (dCECM) to provide structural and biochemical support for ocular progenitor cells. PLGA membranes were fabricated and coated with dCECM layers. Their morphological, physicochemical, mechanical, and biocompatibility properties were evaluated. Biocompatibility was assessed using stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAP), periodontal ligament (PDLC), and corneal stroma (CSSC). The capacity of the membranes to preserve ocular progenitor markers (PAX6 and RX) and to exert cytoprotective effects on oxidatively damaged retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells was also investigated. Hybrid PLGA‐dCECM membranes exhibited suitable thickness, increased hydrophilicity, improved tensile strength, and enhanced cell adhesion without evidence of chemical incompatibility. SCAP and CSSC maintained high expression of ocular progenitor markers, while co‐culture with injured RPE cells reduced LDH release and cell death. The PLGA‐dCECM biomembrane showed both structural support and bioactive cues, supporting its potential application in ocular regenerative therapies.