DOI: 10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_1091_23 ISSN: 1812-156X

Detection of Virulence Factors Genes by conventional polymerase chain reaction in Multiple Drug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Associated with Otitis Media in Kirkuk City

Golsan Hasan Ali, Siham Shakoor Obaid, Wafa Mahmood Jassim
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Abstract

Background:

Otitis media (OM) is a major health problem throughout the world. Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( P. aeruginosa ) is one of the most prevalent causes of this disease, which affects people of all ages. Virulence factors are compounds generated by pathogenic P. aeruginosa , which allow it to perform an essential role in the causes of the diseases; these factors are encoded by virulence genes present on the chromosomes of these pathogenic bacteria.

Objective:

The current study investigated four virulence factors genes of P. aeruginosa isolates from OM in a specific region in the north of Iraq, Kirkuk city, which include outer membrane protein (OprL) that encodes a surface protein (lipoprotein), as well as (ToxA) that encodes exotoxin A (ExoS) that encodes exoenzyme S and (PicN) that encodes nonhemolytic phospholipase C, special primers dependent on the PCR method were designed in this study.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 235 ear swabs were collected from patients in Kirkuk City from November 2022 to May 2023 at Azadi Teaching Hospital, Kirkuk General Hospital, and outpatient clinics. The ear swabs were cultivated on a specific medium, and then extracted DNA was used in the PCR technique to identify the virulence genes.

Results:

The results of a qualitative study of the virulence factor genes (OprL, ExoS, ToxA, and PlcH) found that the presence of these genes in most of these isolates at a percentage of 86.4%, 81.8%, 72.7%, and 68.2%, respectively.

Conclusion:

P. aeruginosa isolates from patients associated with OM in the city of Kirkuk are extremely virulent, and the PCR technique is very specific, and precise results were obtained for the identification of virulence factors genes in these isolates.

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