Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel N ‐Acyl Sulfonohydrazides Derived From β‐Hydroxy Esters: Anticancer, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Activities

ABSTRACT

In this study, a series of novel N ‐acyl sulfonohydrazides 6a–r derived from β‐hydroxy esters was synthesized, and their structures were confirmed through spectroscopic characterization, including FT‐IR, ¹ H NMR, ¹³ C NMR, and HRMS analyses. The anticancer properties of the synthesized compounds were investigated, along with a complementary study evaluating their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The cytotoxicity screening against HCT116 and PANC1 cancer cell lines revealed generally low antiproliferative effects; however, compounds 6c and 6e demonstrated relatively higher pro‐apoptotic potential in HCT116 cells compared to the other compounds. In assays evaluating antioxidant capacity, utilizing both CUPRAC and DPPH methods, all synthesized compounds exhibited activity ranging from moderate to good. Notably, compound 6l demonstrated the strongest antioxidant performance with TEAC = 1.34 and IC ₅₀  = 0.084 ± 0.003 mmol L ⁻¹ . Furthermore, among the tested compounds, 6a , 6b , and 6d displayed good antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 19.53 μg/mL.