Dermatophilosis in Young Omani Camels

Abstract

Skin diseases are a major health hazard in livestock, including camels, as they affect productivity, welfare, and food security in arid regions. The current study reports on an outbreak of a skin condition in young camels from Oman. Twelve healthy Omani camels were purchased from southern Oman (Dhofar) and shipped to Muscat for a trial on intensive camel feeding. Initially, the camels did not show any signs of ill-health. However, within two weeks of arrival, all camels showed extensive skin lesions. These were circular alopecic lesions characterised by grey-white scabs, exudation, and irritation leading to rigorous rubbing behaviour. The presumptive diagnosis in the case was derived from the appearance of lesions. It was later confirmed by microscopic examination of smears from scabs that revealed typical Dermatophilus congolensis bacteria, indicating dermatophilosis. Morbidity was 100%, though no mortality occurred. The animals were treated for a mixed bacterial/fungal infection. Treatment protocol included: ivermectin for parasitic control, topical oxytetracycline with gentian violet, and systemic benzathine penicillin administered every second day for 5 days. Supplementary care with vitamin A, minerals, and improved hygiene and nutrition enhanced recovery. Suspected fungal-infected areas were sprayed with Dichlorophen (7%) two times a week. All animals recovered within weeks and grew into well-finished animals slaughtered for meat production. The disease’s prevalence during humid conditions and its rapid herd transmission suggest environmental and management factors play major roles. Field veterinarians reported similar occurrences in southern Oman, emphasising the need for disease surveillance and preventive programs. This case demonstrates the practical application of diagnostic and treatment strategies for dermatophilosis in camels under field conditions. It highlights the importance of integrated control measures, including antibiotic therapy, ectoparasite management, and supportive nutrition. Controlling camel dermatophilosis contributes to the UN Sustainable Development Goals related to food security, animal and human health, and sustainable livestock systems in arid environments.