Dental Trauma in Martial Arts Practitioners: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Capital City of Southeastern Brazil

Background/Objectives: Dental trauma is recognized as a global public health problem due to its prevalence and psychosocial consequences. This study aimed to verify the prevalence of traumatic dental injuries in practitioners of combat sports and whether they were associated with sociodemographic and sports variables in a capital city in southeastern Brazil. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study included 284 athletes over 18 years of age from 17 academies that offered combat sports. Data collection was performed by a single examiner through individual interviews and a questionnaire addressing sociodemographic profile, access to oral health services, sport modality, experience with dental trauma during combat sports, mouthguard use, and guidance on dental injuries. Descriptive analyses, frequency tables, the Chi-square test (p < 0.05), and Odds Ratio were used. Results: Most participants were male (n = 203; 71.48%), aged up to 25 years (n = 75; 26.41%). The most practiced sports were Jiu-Jitsu (n = 79; 27.82%) and Kickboxing (n = 77; 27.11%). Among participants who suffered dental trauma (n = 19; 6.69%), single episodes predominated (n = 9; 47.37%), enamel fractures were most frequent (n = 7; 36.84%), and anterior teeth were the most affected (n = 9; 47.36%). Most were not using a mouthguard at the time of trauma (n = 15; 78.95%), although they considered mouthguard use important (n = 229; 80.63%), and most had not received guidance on dental trauma (n = 237; 83.45%). Age group was significantly associated with dental trauma (p = 0.016; OR = 3.33; 95% CI: 1.167–9.524). Conclusions: The prevalence of dental trauma among fighters was low. Mouthguard adherence was inconsistent, post-trauma management was inadequate, and most respondents had never received guidance on dental trauma. Public health policies should strengthen awareness and prevention of dental injuries in sports.