Dental implant placement accuracy with robotic surgery compared to manual surgery

ABSTRACT

High precision is required when placing dental implants in order to achieve the best possible function and esthetics while avoiding complications. Despite their widespread use, traditional freehand techniques are vulnerable to operator variability and positional errors. Static, dynamic, and robotic systems for computer-assisted implant surgery have been developed to improve accuracy and predictability. The accuracy and results of freehand, static, dynamic, and robotic-assisted techniques were compared in this review. Relevant studies assessing variations in implant positioning and angular accuracy were found through a literature search conducted between 2013 and 2025. The results demonstrated that robotic-assisted systems outperformed freehand and guided approaches in terms of precision, with a mean platform/apex deviation of approximately 0.70 mm and an angular error of 1.09°. Although both static and dynamic systems increased accuracy over freehand, they were impacted by intraoperative limitations, guide fit, and operator skill. Although all techniques had comparable short-term survival rates, robotic surgery showed better control in difficult situations but came with greater expenses, longer setup times, and restricted accessibility. Although additional clinical validation and cost reduction are required for wider implementation, robotic-assisted implant surgery is, all things considered, the most precise and technologically advanced method.