Demoralization, self-efficacy, and business profitability in self-employed individuals with cardiac diseases

Cardiac Diseases (CD) have harmful devastating consequences for individuals. Their ill health may cause significant pain and suffering, psychological distress, social difficulties, reduced work capacity, and increased substantial economic strain. This study involved 120 self-employed individuals with CD, divided into lower and higher intolerance of uncertainty (IU) levels. Multi-group analysis was performed to examine differences between low and high IU groups. The study indicated a significant relationship among business profitability decline, IU, and high levels of demoralization in self-employed-individuals with CD. Self-employed-individuals with CD often encounter unique difficulties in performing their job roles appropriately, which affects their health. In addition, the results show that IU moderated the relationships between the study variables. Self-employed individuals with CD who were less tolerant of uncertainty had higher risk of psychological and work-related difficulties. Additionally, personal resources (such as self-efficacy and coping strategies) contribute to demoralization.