Demographic Sustainability: Essential and Definition in Constitutional Law

This article reviews the term of demographic sustainability. In the national doctrine, it is regarded as a condition, a systemic element, a feature of society, a component of state management processes, or a set of goals and activities of demographic actors. Demographic sustainability as a response to modern challenges is a part of the sustainable development system and a sustainable future. Alternatively, it may refer to state management processes that ensure demographic security, public health, and socio-economic development, including population growth, national security, and sovereignty. In addition, it can be an element of the planning process or a systemic category. The article describes its interrelation with socio-economic and historical conditions, strategic goals, and opportunities. Demographic sustainability requires both quantitative and qualitative indicators, factors, and measures corresponding to specific goals as well as organizational, legal, and economic opportunities at each stage of state and social development. Demographic sustainability may include demographic indicators (birth rate, mortality, age structure), migration processes (population growth, and the structure and profiles of migrants), socio-economic conditions (income, unemployment, housing affordability, family support, and health preservation opportunities), and cultural factors (family and demographic attitudes, and the level of urbanization). It may further include social population development, state resources for strategizing population dynamics and managing demographic changes, as well as the assessment of conditions and the implementation of measures to prevent negative consequences. Finally, it may include a policy of conserving and strengthening the importance of the family as a social institution to increase its social stability. Measures of demographic sustainability were divided into new socio-economic, medical, and ideological measures. Consequently, demographic sustainability is formulated as a state of the government and society in which demographic processes (birth rate, mortality, migration) ensure the realization of individual human rights (for reproduction, reproductive health, etc.), the long-term socio-economic development of individuals, families, society, and the state, individual and collective public health and well-being, and national political stability and security.