Decoding Brain Development and Function Through GABAergic Inhibitory Neurons

ABSTRACT

Cortical interneurons are essential for the formation, maturation and functional balance of mammalian brain circuits. Originating in the ventral telencephalon, they migrate into the cortex through organized streams and diversify into multiple inhibitory subtypes. Advances in molecular biology, imaging and single‐cell transcriptomics have revealed the remarkable heterogeneity in their development. Understanding their molecular and functional complexity is a gateway to understanding in full their critical roles in neural synchronization, cognitive processes, sleep regulation and their potential links to the emergence of human‐specific brain functions. These findings aim to inspire future studies focused on deciphering the origins of human interneuron, the diversity of interneuron functions and their implications for understanding neurodevelopmental disorders.