Cytological Profiling of Cervical Lesions in HIV-Positive Women at University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria
M. M. Nengem, G. I. Iyare, G. A. AvwioroAbstract
Background:
Women living with HIV are predisposed to cervical lesions due to immunosuppression and persistent human papillomavirus infection. Cytological evaluation remains an essential tool for early detection of these premalignant changes.
Objective:
This study aimed to profile the cytological patterns of cervical smears among HIV-positive women with cervical lesions at the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital (UATH) and to assess their association with immunological markers.
Materials and Methods:
A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out from January to May 2025, involving 61 HIV-positive women. Cervical samples were obtained using liquid-based cytology, stained with the Papanicolaou technique, and classified according to the Bethesda System. Immunological parameters (CD4+ count, viral load) and ART history were also assessed.
Results:
The prevalence of cervical lesions was 50.8%. Low-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (LGSIL) was the most frequent abnormality (61.3%), followed by inflammatory changes (19.4%), atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (12.9%), and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (6.5%). CD4+ count was significantly associated with lesion type (
Conclusion:
HIV-positive women at UATH exhibit a high burden of cervical cytological abnormalities, with LGSIL being the most common. Immune status, particularly CD4+ count, is the strongest predictor of lesion occurrence and severity. Integration of routine cervical cytology into HIV care is essential for early detection and prevention.