Cutting‐Edge Developments in Lignocellulosic‐Derived Plastics

ABSTRACT

To address the environmental issues caused by petroleum‐based plastics, developing sustainable bioplastics represents a promising strategy. Lignocellulosic biomass (LCB), as the most abundant renewable carbon source in nature, serves as an ideal platform for constructing the next generation of green and low‐carbon plastics. This review provides a systematic overview of recent advances in the fabrication of bioplastics derived from LCB, structured along two primary dimensions. First, it focuses on the targeted utilization of the three main components—cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose—detailing the latest fabrication strategies in their conversion into plastic. Second, it explores advanced methodologies for fabricating plastics directly from the native hierarchical structures of wood and bamboo. The resulting LCB‐based plastics demonstrate broad application prospects, including packaging, agricultural mulching films, and flexible optoelectronic substrates, showcasing significant potential to replace conventional plastics. Furthermore, the end‐of‐life and recycling strategies of LCB‐based plastics were evaluated from the perspective of circular bioeconomy. The biodegradation pathways and mechanical/chemical recycling potential of these plastics were discussed. Building on a comprehensive overview of progress in the last five years, this review concludes by outlining future development opportunities and critical challenges in the field of LCB‐based plastics.