Current trends in the surgical treatment of Crohn’s disease

Objective. To evaluate the dynamics of surgical treatment in patients with Crohn’s disease over a ten-year period at A.S. Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center and to identify key changes in surgical approaches. Material and methods. A prospective single-center study was conducted, including 348 patients who underwent surgical interventions for complicated forms of Crohn’s disease between 2015 and 2024. Patients were divided into two groups based on the treatment period: 2015—2019 and 2020—2024. Changes in surgical intervention frequency, emergency surgery rates, the use of minimally invasive techniques, stoma formation rates, postoperative complications, and the prevalence of biological therapy were assessed. Results. Over the study period, there was a significant increase in the frequency of surgical interventions (p=0.02) and a rise in the proportion of patients receiving biological therapy (p<0.001). The rate of emergency surgeries decreased from 70.4% to 24.4% (p=0.003), while the proportion of laparoscopic procedures increased from 45.7% to 74.4% (p<0.001). In the second period, a reduction in postoperative complications and a decrease in the number of procedures resulting in stoma formation were observed. Conclusion. Despite the expanded use of biological therapy, the number of surgical interventions in patients with Crohn’s disease continues to grow. However, modern surgical approaches, including minimally invasive techniques, contribute to reducing the rate of emergency surgeries, lowering the number of stomas, and decreasing postoperative complications.