CURRENT STATE OF RESEARCH ON BIPOLAR AFFECTIVE DISORDER: A NARRATIVE REVIEW

Bipolar disorder, ranking as the 17th leading cause of global disability, affects millions worldwide with varying prevalence rates across countries. The onset during childhood or adolescence impacts developmental milestones. Alarmingly, individuals with bipolar disorder face higher suicide rates compared to the general population, emphasizing the need for effective management strategies. Understanding the genetic and neural pathways is crucial for improved diagnosis and treatment. Genomewide association studies offer insights into the genetic basis, yet much heritability remains unaccounted for. The "kindling" hypothesis explores stress sensitization's impact on recurring affective episodes. Neuroprogression complicates the disorder's chronic nature, leading to cognitive impairments. Effective collaborative care models, careful diagnostic assessment, and early initiation of maintenance treatment are crucial. Lithium remains effective in preventing depressive and manic relapses, but side effects must be monitored. Various treatments, including quetiapine and ECT, contribute to maintaining stability. Careful decisions regarding medication continuation are vital for women of childbearing age.