Current Roles of Neoadjuvant and Perioperative Immunotherapy in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have improved survival for patients with early-stage NSCLC who are candidates for surgical resection. ICIs enhance antitumor responses and improve a variety of perioperative outcomes when used in the neoadjuvant, adjuvant, or perioperative setting. This review summarizes immunotherapies currently approved for neoadjuvant, adjuvant, and perioperative treatment of resectable NSCLC and the supporting evidence for approval. Gaps in data and future areas of clinical interest of using immunotherapies to maximize survival outcomes are also discussed.