Cumulus cells enhance oocyte genomic quality control by promoting DNA damage–induced meiotic arrest

Cumulus cells are known to maintain oocyte arrest at prophase I through gap junction–mediated cAMP signalling, but their role after meiotic resumption remains unclear. Here, we show that cumulus cells enhance oocyte genomic quality control by sensitizing oocytes to DNA damage–induced meiotic arrest. Time-lapse imaging of SiR-tubulin–labelled spindles revealed that oocytes from cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) matured faster than denuded oocytes (DOs). Upon mild DNA damage induced by low-dose etoposide, COC oocytes arrested at metaphase I, whereas DOs completed maturation despite similar levels of DNA lesions. This arrest required spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) activity, as Reversine rescued polar body extrusion and BubR1 and Mad2 were elevated in COCs but not DOs. Disruption of gap junctions or inhibition of mTOR signalling abolished the checkpoint response. Notably, cumulus cells did not enhance oocyte response to minor spindle perturbations. These findings reveal a previously unrecognized role of cumulus cells in mediating DNA damage–induced SAC activation, providing post-GVBD genomic surveillance beyond prophase I arrest.