Coupled Power–Transportation Systems: A Structured Review of Modeling, Application Domains, and Research Trends

The electrification of transportation is creating increasingly strong interdependence between traffic flows, charging demand, and power‐grid operation, motivating the study of coupled power–transportation systems (CPTS). With the rapid growth of electric vehicles and charging infrastructure, understanding the interaction between power and transportation systems has become increasingly critical; however, existing review papers often focus on specific aspects such as modeling or infrastructure and lack a unified synthesis across multiple application domains. This review summarizes how CPTS models are constructed by combining power‐flow and grid‐security constraints with traffic assignment and charging behavior, and by linking the two networks through shared infrastructure such as charging stations. The paper synthesizes recent advances across major application areas, including resilience, reliability, control and coordination, and planning and expansion, organized through an explicit analytical framework that distinguishes these themes by purpose, operating condition, and time scale, and uses comparative analysis to highlight common modeling assumptions, coordination mechanisms, and uncertainty treatments across studies. Open challenges that consistently emerge in the literature are also discussed, including multi‐timescale integration, realistic modeling of charging queues and feeder constraints, scalable coordination under partial information, and the limited availability of common benchmarks and datasets. The resulting synthesis provides a structured perspective on CPTS research and identifies directions that can support the development of scalable, reliable, and practically deployable solutions for electrified transportation systems.