Cost-effectiveness of Implementing a Genotype-Guided De-Escalation Strategy in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome
W W A van den Broek, Jaouad Azzahhafi, Dean R P P Chan Pin Yin, Niels M R van der Sangen, Shabiga Sivanesan, Lea M Dijksman, Ronald J Walhout, Melvyn Tjon Joe Gin, Nicoline J Breet, Jorina Langerveld, Georgios J Vlachojannis, Rutger J van Bommel, Yolande Appelman, Ron H N van Schaik, José P S Henriques, Wouter J Kikkert, Jurriën M ten BergAbstract
Aims
A genotype-guided P2Y12-inhibitor de-escalation strategy, switching acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients without a CYP2C19 loss-of-function allele from ticagrelor or prasugrel to clopidogrel, has shown to reduce bleeding risk without affecting effectivity of therapy by increasing ischemic risk. We estimated the cost-effectiveness of this personalized approach compared to standard dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT; aspirin plus ticagrelor/prasugrel) in the Netherlands.
Methods and results
We developed a one-year decision tree based on results of the FORCE-ACS registry, comparing a cohort of ACS patients who underwent genotyping with a cohort of ACS patients treated with standard DAPT. This was followed by a lifelong Markov model to compare lifetime costs, and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) for a fictional cohort of 1000 patients. The cost-effectiveness analysis was performed from the perspective of the Dutch healthcare system. A genotype-guided de-escalation strategy led to anincrease of 55.30 QALYs and saved €698,286 compared to standard DAPT based on a lifetime horizon. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed that the genotype-guided strategy was cost-saving in 93% and increased QALYs in 86% of simulations. The intervention remained cost-effective in the scenario where prices for all P2Y12-inhibitors were equalized. The genotype-guided strategy remained dominant in various other scenario and sensitivity analyses.
Conclusion
A genotype-guided de-escalation strategy in patients with ACS was both cost-saving and yielded higher QALYs compared to standard DAPT, highlighting its potential for implementation in clinical practice.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03823547