Cosmeceuticals for hyperpigmentation: An evidence-based review

Hyperpigmentation disorders such as melasma and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation are common concerns in dermatology particularly in darker skin types. This narrative review evaluates the efficacy, mechanisms, and safety of cosmeceuticals used in their management, with relevance to Indian practice. A literature search (2013–2026) identified clinical and experimental studies on topical and systemic agents. Traditional depigmenting agents including hydroquinone, azelaic acid, and kojic acid act primarily through tyrosinase inhibition but are limited by tolerability concerns. Newer cosmeceuticals such as thiamidol, cysteamine, tranexamic acid and resorcinol derivatives provide targeted, multi-pathway effects with improved safety profiles. Adjunctive agents including Vitamin C, niacinamide, and various botanicals offer antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and barrier-restoring benefits. Although these agents show promising results, further large-scale studies with standardized outcomes are needed to establish long-term efficacy and optimize treatment strategies.