Correlation between pterygium grades and induced corneal astigmatism: An observational study
Chayan Aggarwal, Garg Kritika, Tarun Soni, Brij Kishor GuptaABSTRACT
Introduction:
Pterygium is a common ocular surface disorder, particularly in populations exposed to high levels of ultraviolet radiation. It may present in various forms, including unilateral, bilateral, and biheaded pterygium, and is known to induce corneal astigmatism.
Objective:
To assess the correlation between different grades of pterygium and the degree of induced corneal astigmatism.
Methodology:
This prospective observational study was conducted at N. C. Medical College and Hospital, Israna, Panipat, from December 2024 to March 2025. A total of 90 patients diagnosed with pterygium were included. Detailed ocular examination, including slit-lamp biomicroscopy, was performed to grade pterygium. Objective refraction using an automated refractometer was used to measure astigmatism. Patients were also evaluated for biheaded pterygium. Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-square test.
Results:
Grade 1, 2, and 3 pterygium were observed in 34%, 37%, and 29% of patients, respectively. Increasing grades of pterygium were associated with higher degrees of astigmatism. A statistically significant correlation was found (P < 0.0001). Biheaded pterygium was observed in 8.9% of cases.
Conclusion:
There is a significant positive correlation between the grade of pterygium and the degree of induced corneal astigmatism. Timely evaluation and management are important to prevent progressive visual disturbance.