Correlation among Morpho-agronomic Traits, Yield Components, and Biochemical Parameters in Sesame (<i>Sesamum indicum</i> L.) Genotypes

The objective of this study was to evaluate agronomic traits, yield components, seed biochemical characteristics, and their relationships in local and exotic sesame (<i>Sesamum indicum</i> L.) genotypes under field conditions in Uzbekistan. Thirteen genotypes were grown in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Dormon Experimental Station in 2025. Protein, oil content, and fatty acid composition were determined using the Kjeldahl method and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), respectively. Statistical analyses, including analysis of variance and Pearson’s correlation, were performed using SPSS version 26.0. Considerable variation was observed among genotypes. Protein content ranged from 18.23 to 19.45%, while oil content varied from 44.11 to 50.44%. Oleic acid content ranged from 4.7 to 77.75%, indicating substantial diversity. Positive correlations were observed between thousand-seed weight and capsule length (r = 0.79) and between number of capsules per plant and seed weight per plant (r = 0.89). These results identified NC 8756, NC 8998, NC 9050, and NC 9100 as promising genetic resources for future sesame breeding programs.