Cooperative Solvent‐Thermal Interactions Enable Multi‐Material Nanotransfer Printing for Multi‐Dimensional Molecular Profiling

ABSTRACT

Scalable fabrication of sub‐20 nm multi‐material nanoarchitectures remains a key challenge due to material incompatibilities and integration complexity. Here, we introduce a cooperative solvent–thermal nanotransfer printing (ST‐nTP) technique that enables single‐step, high‐resolution patterning of compositionally heterogeneous materials. The process exploits a synergistic interplay between solvent‐induced polymer swelling and thermal‐pressure‐driven densification to achieve selective material transfer through partially open shadow masks. When combined with the directed self‐assembly of block copolymers, ST‐nTP produces hierarchical 3D multi‐metal nanoarchitectures with nanoscale precision and spatial material selectivity. As a functional demonstration, these structures are deployed as tunable surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) platforms. Distinct plasmonic responses across metal–wavelength combinations facilitate multi‐dimensional molecular profiling, enabling the extraction of complementary vibrational signatures from complex biological analytes such as E. coli . This cooperative solvent–thermal nanofabrication strategy expands the design space for integrated nanostructures and offers a versatile route for advanced sensing, diagnostics, and optoplasmonic applications.