Cooperative pyrrolic–pyridinic nitrogen directs 2-electron oxygen reduction in nanographene

Cooperative pyridinic-N (pyri-NH) and pyrrolic-N (pyrr-NH) sites in N-doped nanographene drive selective 2e ⁻ ORR. Carbon adjacent to the –pyri-NH activates O ₂ and proton transfer (pyri-NH → pyrr-NH) for efficient OOH formation and H ₂ O ₂ release.