Construction of Biomimetic Film Based on the Surface Structure of Orange Peel and Its Blueberry Preservation Performance

To develop eco-friendly and highly efficient fruit and vegetable preservation materials, this study uses the multi-gradient micro–nano roughness structure and bioactive properties of orange peel as a biomimetic model, aiming to construct a functional film with a unique dual mechanism of physical barrier protection and active preservation. Using soft etching and secondary transfer methods, with polydimethylsiloxane as an intermediate template, and through a repeated freeze–thaw cross-linking process, a polyvinyl alcohol system containing orange peel essential oil was cast to successfully prepare a biomimetic film featuring the micro–nano hierarchical structures found on the surface of orange peel. The study indicates that the biomimetic film accurately replicates the cross-scale hierarchical structures of the natural orange peel surface. Structure–property relationship analysis revealed that the biomimetic film containing 15% orange peel essential oil exhibited the optimal comprehensive performance, characterized by significantly enhanced tensile strength and improved water vapor barrier properties, while demonstrating effective antioxidant and regulated antibacterial activities. Crucially, compared to conventional flat active films, the replicated multi-scale surface roughness provides clear functional advantages by physically optimizing interface properties and cooperating synergistically with the chemical vapor release of the essential oil. Blueberry preservation experiments confirmed that the biomimetic film successfully maintains fruit firmness, vitamin C, and anthocyanin content, while suppressing weight loss and decay rates. This study simulates the microenvironmental control mechanisms of orange peel, highlighting the scientific novelty of structural–chemical synergistic design for advanced functional packaging.