Construction and Application Analysis of a Security Indicator Framework for New Power Systems from the Perspective of Source–Grid–Load–Storage Coordination

To address the unclear classification of evaluation targets, insufficient characterization of inter-entity interactions, and the lack of a systematic summary of indicator applications in new power systems under source–grid–load–storage coordination, this paper reviews the classification and application of power system security indicators. Taking the evaluation targets of security indicators as the primary perspective, a classification framework is established by considering source-side, grid-side, load-side, and storage-side entities, as well as the interactions among them. The resulting framework covers entity-specific indicators for the source, grid, load, and storage sides, as well as interaction-oriented indicators for source–grid, source–load, source–storage, grid–load, grid–storage, load–storage, and multi-entity coordination. The characterization contents, applicability relationships, and application modes of different indicator categories are further analyzed. Typical applications of security indicators in optimization decision-making and security assessment are summarized, and a security indicator selection and application process incorporating scenario- and model-applicability assessment is proposed. Future research directions are also discussed, with an emphasis on extending indicator applications to complex operating scenarios, improving model adaptability, and advancing quantitative characterization and standardized application. The study provides a reference for the rational selection, standardized application, and further development of security indicator frameworks under source–grid–load–storage coordination.