Consensus on definitions, terminology, classification of dystonia, and clinical guidelines. Part 1. Historical context, definitions, terminology, and clinical characteristics (Axis i)

Objective. This study analyzes current international approaches to the definition, terminology, classification, and clinical phenomenology of dystonia, adapts the 2025 international consensus for Russian clinical practice, and develops a unified Russian-language terminological standard. Material and methods. A panel of ten Russian movement disorder experts developed the consensus. The analysis included the 2013 and 2025 international consensus statements, clinical guidelines, and publications on the classification, phenomenology, pathophysiology, genetics, and treatment of dystonia indexed in PubMed and Web of Science (2013—2026). Terminology, definitions, and practical recommendations were established through expert discussions. Results. An adapted Russian-language version of the 2025 international consensus on Axis I of the clinical classification of dystonia is presented. The current disease definition, terminological standards, clinical phenomena, and accompanying signs of dystonia have been clarified. Terms not recommended for use have been identified, and algorithms for clinical assessment and differential diagnosis are proposed. Contemporary approaches to symptomatic therapy are outlined, with botulinum toxin type A recommended as first-line therapy for most focal and segmental forms of dystonia. Conclusions. This consensus unifies terminology and clinical assessment of dystonia, adapts international guidelines for Russian-speaking practice, and supports standardized diagnosis, phenomenological description, and rational therapy selection.