Conjugated Polymer/Graphene Oxide/Antimony Trisulfide Nanocomposites for Photonics: Insights from Binary Systems and Prospects for Pulsed Laser Ablation Synthesis

Conjugated polymer/graphene oxide/antimony trisulfide (CP/GO/Sb2S3) nanocomposites are gaining attention as high-potential materials for photonic and optoelectronic devices. Direct evidence for fully integrated CP/GO/Sb2S3 ternary systems is still fairly limited in the literature, but the well-established binary architectures that underpin them—polymer/GO and GO/rGO-Sb2S3—give the field a solid scientific footing to build from. This review draws together recent progress on the synthesis, structural characterisation, and optical behaviour of these constituent systems, with an emphasis on where their properties might synergise. This study examines how conjugated polymers, graphene oxide, and Sb2S3 each contribute to charge transport, interfacial interactions, and broadband optical absorption. This study also examine several fabrication strategies—in situ polymerisation, solution-based techniques, and pulsed laser ablation (PLA)—and how each shapes material morphology and carrier dynamics. PLA in particular stands out as a clean, promising route to high-purity nanocomposites with tightly controlled structure. Finally, the autjors discuss the technical hurdles still standing in the way of scalable ternary architectures: dispersion uniformity, interfacial compatibility, and long-term stability chief among them. Since direct experimental reports on fully integrated CP/GO/Sb2S3 ternary systems remain scarce, this review is best understood as an emerging perspective— one that bridges the established binary literature with the field's next steps in photonics.