Conformal and Multi‐Domain Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting System Based on Graphene for Internet of Things Applications
Yitong Xin, Rongguo Song, Haoran Zu, Wei Qian, Bo Liu, Wenjun Wang, Yunfa Si, Zhe Wang, Ruixue Zhang, Jiannan Guo, Jingwei Zhang, Boyang Mao, Daping HeABSTRACT
Radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting technology is limited by issues such as narrowband operation, polarization mismatch, low beam coverage, and poor conformality, which hinder its large‐scale deployment and practical applications. Here, we propose a flexible multi‐domain RF energy harvesting system based on graphene assembled film (GAF). Leveraging the flexibility, lightweight nature, and corrosion resistance of GAF materials significantly enhances the environmental stability and service life of the system, improving its suitability for wearable devices and complex environments. The system enables multi‐domain unified advancement by incorporating a redesigned GAF‐based antenna array, a dual‐band rectifier, and an integrated energy management module. Specifically, it operates at 2.45 GHz (right‐hand circular polarization) and 5.8 GHz (left‐hand circular polarization) to cover key Wi‐Fi bands, thereby remarkably improving bandwidth, polarization adaptability, and beam coverage. Furthermore, benefiting from excellent flexibility and conformability, the system can be integrated onto backpacks to power wearable devices while maintaining stable operation. This research demonstrates a GAF‐based conformal, dual‐band, dual‐beam, and dual‐circular‐polarization RF energy harvesting system, providing a robust technological foundation for realizing battery‐free operation in Internet of Things (IoT) devices.