Conceptual differences and complementary application possibilities of organic and regenerative agriculture in modern agricultural science

The paper analyzes the conceptual differences and possibilities for the complementary application of organic and regenerative agriculture in contemporary agricultural science. Particular focus is placed on conservation tillage systems, direct seeding (no-till), preserving biological potential and humus, water regime management, the use of cover crops and crop rotation, as well as the impact of these approaches on soil health and the reduction of mineral fertilizer requirements. The starting point is the position that sustainable agriculture represents not merely a set of technical measures, but an integrated agroecosystem management system aimed at restoring soil functionality, increasing resilience to climate change, and ensuring long-term production stability. The paper emphasizes that organic agriculture relies on certification-defined rules and the prohibition of synthetic inputs, whereas regenerative agriculture highlights functional outcomes such as increasing organic matter, biodiversity, and soil biological activity. The results of the analysis indicate that these two concepts can successfully complement each other through the application of reduced tillage, mulching, cover crops, and diverse crop rotations. Special attention is paid to the practical challenges of organic production, including weed control, the transition period, certification costs, and the need for institutional support. It is concluded that the complementary application of organic and regenerative principles constitutes an important developmental direction for modern agriculture aimed at long-term ecological and economic sustainability.