Comprehensive Thermal and Bio‐Convection Analysis of MHD Casson‐Hybrid Nanofluid Flows With Hall and Current Effects Over a Sheet

ABSTRACT

Thermal energy management is a central idea in modern engineering systems such as advanced electronics and renewable uses for heat all rely on it. Hybrid nanofluids, which integrate two distinct types of nanoparticles within a base fluid, enhances their thermal properties, even more than for single‐particle types, but there is still much to learn about their action under electromagnetic fields and chemicals. Thus, MHD Casson hybrid nanofluid bio convection plays a crucial role in boosting heat and mass transfer in areas such as energy storage, cryogenics, and disease prevention. The purpose of this study is to mathematically investigate how Casson hybrid nanofluid flows over a stretched surface respond to magnetohydrodynamic, Hall effect, radiation, bioconvection, and chemical effects using activation energy. In particular, this study explores the scattering of and nanoparticle mixtures in a Casson fluid to understand how skin friction, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number improve with different configurations of magnetic and activation parameters. Using similarity variables, the governing equations of the boundary layer are converted into nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Subsequently, the problems are solved using numerical methods that use Runge–Kutta 4th methods along with the shooting technique. The impact of collective parameters including Casson fluid parameter, magnetic, Brownian motion, thermophoresis, and activation energy, is examined in depth by the systematic study of these factors. An increase in the intensity of magnetism and quantity of nanoparticles raises the Nusselt number, improving how heat is transferred, whereas higher activation energy results in a thinner concentration boundary layer. The findings reveal that higher decreases both tangential and transverse motions due to stronger Lorentz forces, whereas bigger m causes the damping force to reduce and lets more tangential flow occur. Meanwhile, when and rise, the temperature effects become stronger. This is because as the Lewis and Peclet numbers grow, fewer motile microorganisms are present, proving their role in setting bio‐convective behavior. Therefore, the Casson hybrid nanofluid model provides a useful structure for boosting thermal efficiency in applications that depend on magnetohydrodynamics.