Comprehensive Evaluation of Methanol Extract of Swintonia floribunda Leaves on CCl 4 ‐Induced Hepatic Injury, Renal Function Alterations, and Antidiabet
Farjana Akter Nipa, Sharmin Sultana Dina, Maitri Chowdhury, Pair Ahmed Jiko, Suhana Manzur Chowdhury, Tania Tabassum, MD Abdur Karim Siraji, Jannatul Nisa Nipa, Rumel Mallick, Md. Mustafiz Chowdhury, Ummah Tasnim Nisat, A. T. M. Yusuf, Md. Sohel Rana, Mycal DuttaBackground
Swintonia floribunda Griff., a medicinal plant of the Anacardiaceae family native to Southeast Asia, has been traditionally used. However, its antioxidant, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, and renoprotective activities remain insufficiently explored.
Aim
This study evaluated the antioxidant, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, and renoprotective activities of the methanolic extract of S. floribunda leaves (MESFL) and related these effects to its phytochemical constituents.
Methodology
An acute oral toxicity study was conducted according to OECD guidelines. Antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays, while antidiabetic activity was evaluated through in vitro α‐amylase inhibition, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and alloxan‐induced diabetic mice. Hepatoprotective and renoprotective effects were investigated using the carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 )–induced toxicity model.
Results
No mortality or signs of toxicity were observed up to 3000 mg/kg, indicating a favorable safety profile. MESFL exhibited notable antioxidant activity, with DPPH and ABTS IC 50 values of 50.58 and 54.38 μg/mL, respectively, compared with 14.69 and 12.82 μg/mL for ascorbic acid. The extract showed significant α‐amylase inhibition and effectively reduced blood glucose levels in both OGTT and alloxan‐induced diabetic mice. In the CCl 4 ‐induced model, MESFL significantly decreased serum liver enzymes, improved liver histoarchitecture, reduced hepatic inflammation, normalized lipid profiles, and restored renal function by reducing elevated urea and creatinine levels.
Conclusion
MESFL possesses strong antioxidant activity and low acute toxicity, along with considerable antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, and renoprotective activities, supporting its potential as a natural therapeutic agent. Further studies are needed to elucidate its underlying molecular mechanisms and clinical applicability.