Comprehensive Analysis of the Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibitory Properties and Phenolic Compounds of Phlomis armeniaca: Potential Applicant in Neurodegenerative Diseases

This study investigates the antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory properties of Phlomis armeniaca, a perennial plant native to the eastern and southeastern regions of Türkiye. Ethanol extracts of the plant were analyzed using various bioanalytical methods, including Fe³⁺‐Fe²⁺ reducing power, CUPRAC, DPPH, and ABTS radical scavenging activities, as well as total phenolic and flavonoid content assessments. The results showed that Phlomis armeniaca is rich in phenolic (38.75±0.59 µg GAE/mg extract) and flavonoid compounds (39.34±4.08 µg QE/mg extract). The plant demonstrated significant inhibitory effects on AChE (IC50: 45.00±0.48 mg/mL) and BChE (IC50: 84.51±0.84 mg/mL) enzymes, indicating its potential use in treating neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s. The study also highlighted Phlomis armeniaca’s high chlorogenic acid, salicylic acid, 4‐dihydroxybenzoic acid, and quinic acid contents, supporting its antioxidant capacity. These findings suggest that Phlomis armeniaca could be a valuable natural resource for developing therapeutic agents to manage oxidative stress and related conditions, warranting further pharmacological exploration.