Compound‐Eye RF Vision for Next‐Generation Biomedical and Human‐Centred Radar Sensing

ABSTRACT

By analysing the response of low‐power radio waves reflected from human subjects, biomedical radar sensors enable remote monitoring without wearable devices and support emerging healthcare and human–machine interface applications. This paper reviews applications at the human–microwave frontier, including physiological sensing, non‐contact human–computer interfaces, driving behaviour recognition, human tracking, and early‐stage clinical studies. Despite rapid progress in radar‐based biomedical sensing, its integration into everyday life remains limited by body orientation, random motion, environmental clutter, and spectrum‐sharing constraints, all of which affect reliable signal acquisition. To address these challenges from a review perspective, this paper uses the bio‐inspired compound‐eye radio frequency (RF) vision concept as an organising framework for discussing spatial diversity, wavelength diversity, multi‐view beamforming, and data fusion as pathways towards more robust biomedical radar sensing. Recent advances in semiconductor technology have enabled compact radio‐frequency and millimetre‐wave integrated circuits with antenna‐in‐package solutions, making distributed and multi‐aperture radar sensing increasingly practical. Within this framework, compound‐eye RF vision can provide high‐fidelity depth and angular information, allowing radar systems to target specific body regions and extract physiological signals more reliably. Finally, this paper discusses indoor passive sensing based on ambient wireless signals and highlights the roles of advanced beamforming, multistatic detection, and spectrum‐efficient sensing in future human‐centred radar systems.