DOI: 10.4103/joacc.joacc_10_26 ISSN: 2249-4472

Comparing Noise Levels in Elective and Emergency Cesarean Deliveries: A Prospective Observational Study

Lavanya Kaparti, J Sindhu, Ankitha Sunand, M Ravi

Abstract

Background:

Operating room noise adversely affects communication, team performance, and patient safety. Emergency cesarean deliveries require rapid coordination among multiple personnel and may generate higher noise levels than elective procedures.

Aims:

To compare noise levels between emergency and elective cesarean deliveries across different procedural time points.

Materials and Methods:

This prospective observational study was conducted at a medical college hospital. Noise levels were measured using a calibrated mobile application during 162 cesarean deliveries (135 emergency and 27 elective) performed under neuraxial anesthesia in ASA II patients. Measurements were recorded at six predefined time points: anesthesia provider entry, surgical timeout, neuraxial block administration, skin incision, baby extraction, and skin closure. Noise levels were averaged over 30-second intervals. Data were analyzed using mixed-effects ANOVA with Bonferroni correction, and multivariable logistic regression was used to identify predictors of high noise levels.

Results:

Emergency cesarean deliveries showed significantly higher noise levels than elective procedures at all time points (overall mean 61.9 ± 5.2 dB vs. 57.0 ± 4.1 dB; P < 0.001). The greatest difference was observed during baby extraction (69.8 ± 9.3 dB vs. 62.4 ± 7.1 dB; P < 0.001). All procedures exceeded World Health Organization-recommended limits. Noise levels above 55 dB occurred in 94.8% of emergency and 81.5% of elective cases, with peak levels reaching 95 dB in emergencies. Emergency delivery, higher personnel numbers, and nighttime surgery were independent predictors of excessive noise.

Conclusion:

Emergency cesarean deliveries generate significantly higher operating room noise than elective procedures, consistently exceeding recommended limits. Targeted noise-reduction strategies are required, particularly during critical procedural phases, to improve communication and patient safety in obstetric operating rooms.

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