Comparative prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals
Shipra Yadav, Akansha Goyal, Sapna ChauhanAbstract
Background:
Intestinal parasitic infections remain a significant public health challenge in developing countries, particularly in areas with inadequate sanitation and hygiene. Individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are at increased risk due to immunosuppression, making them more vulnerable to both common and opportunistic parasites. A comparative assessment of HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals is important for better understanding the disease burden and informing appropriate management strategies.
Aims and Objectives:
To determine and compare the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals and to evaluate their association with CD 4+ T-lymphocyte counts.
Materials and Methods:
This hospital-based comparative cross-sectional study included 100 patients presenting with gastrointestinal complaints, comprising 50 HIV-positive and 50 HIV-negative individuals. Stool samples were analyzed by direct microscopy, concentration techniques, and modified Ziehl–Neelsen staining, and parasites were identified based on morphological and staining characteristics. CD 4+ T-lymphocyte counts were measured in HIV-positive patients. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-square/Fisher’s exact test, and odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated.
Results:
The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections was significantly higher in HIV-positive individuals (68%) than in HIV-negative individuals (32%;
Conclusion:
Intestinal parasitic infections were more prevalent among HIV-positive individuals, with opportunistic protozoa detected more frequently in this group. Routine screening and preventive strategies may help reduce disease burden in high-risk populations.